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El oído de la mosca inspira los audífonos del futuro

Usando la estructura del oído de la mosca como modelo, Neal Hall, profesor asistente en elDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación de la Escuela Cockrell, y sus estudiantes graduados construyeron un dispositivo de silico sensible a la presión en miniatura que imita la estructura auditiva evolucionado súper de la mosca. El dispositivo, de 2 milímetros de ancho, es casi idéntico en tamaño al órgano de la audición de la mosca.

MATERIALES PIEZOELÉCTRICOS

Otros investigadores han construido dispositivos para la audición inspirados en la mosca, pero los ingenieros de la UT Austin son los primeros en aplicar materiales piezoeléctricos. Estos materiales convierten presión mecánica en señales eléctricas, o voltaje, y permiten que el dispositivo funcione con muy poca energía.

El artículo que detalla el dispositivo y la investigación se publica en la revista Applied Physics Letters el 22 de julio.

dispositivo audítivo basado en la mosca

“Debido a que los audífonos utilizan baterías, reducir al mínimo el consumo de energía es una consideración crítica en el progreso de la tecnología de dispositivos de prótesis auditiva“, dijo Hall.

Los seres humanos y otros mamíferos tienen la capacidad de identificar fuentes de sonido debido a la velocidad finita del sonido combinado con la separación entre las orejas. Los insectos generalmente carecen de esta capacidad porque sus cuerpos son tan pequeños que las ondas sonoras golpean esencialmente ambos lados simultáneamente.

O. ochracea es una notable excepción. Puede localizar la dirección del chirrido de un grillo a pesar de que sus oídos están a menos de 2 milímetros de distancia. En los cuatro millonésimas de segundo entre que el sonido que entra por un oído y el otro, la fase del sonido cambia ligeramente. La estructura del balanceo en el oído de la mosca amplifica eficazmente el tiempo de retardo y permite localizar el sonido de su presa con notable precisión.

Para replicar mecanismo de la audición de la mosca, los investigadores desarrollaron una viga flexible integrada por los materiales piezoeléctricos. El uso de materiales piezoeléctricos les permitió medir simultáneamente la flexión y la rotación de la viga, que a su vez les permitió replicar la audición de la mosca.

Además de mejorar, posiblemente, los audífonos, el dispositivo podría tener aplicaciones militares y de defensa. En los entornos oscuros, por ejemplo, donde las señales visuales no están disponibles, la localización de eventos usando el sonido puede ser crítica. De hecho, el trabajo de Hall fue financiado por la Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzada de Defensa (DARPA).

Fuente; europapress

 

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